Financial Trends Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Financial Trends Paper - Essay Example The trend was a fall before the rise. The same could be observed in the behavior of net income of the company for the same three-year period, that there was a fall and an improvement after the fall. Net profit margin measures the company’s profitability performance (Bernstein, 1993) and is computed by dividing net income over the total revenues. In case of general motors a consistent 0.01 net profit margins were observed for the three year period. This indicates a rather lack of improvement in the company’s performance for the past three years despite the seeming increase in revenues from total sales for 2005 of US$192.6 billion to US $207.3 billion for 2006. This means the cost of the company was very high for the company which needs a deeper analysis as shown below: It would appear the company was still having some mark-ups from revenues, hence it may deduced that it is selling at above is production cost as evidenced by the positive gross profit rate from 2004 through 2006. The loss was felt only in 2005 when operating loss showed a rate of negative 0.01 value. This means that the company has higher operating expenses for 2005 compared with 2006 and 2004. Further analysis revealed that 2005 has high selling and administrative expenses in addition to the decline in revues from 2004 to 2005. Over all 2005 operation was a losing year by the company. When the three year ratios above are analyzed in relation to the trends established earlier in the behavior of the revenues and net income, it may be observed that there was big improvement in the return on equity (Meigs and Meigs, 1995) of the company from 2004 to 2006 although there was a deterioration in the return on assets from 0% in 2004 to -1% in 2006. This means that changes made were beneficial to the stockholder and that having too many assets are not necessarily better for the company if it will result to a better return to equity.

Civil Rights and Responsibilities Essay Example for Free

Civil Rights and Responsibilities Essay The Bill of Rights was added to the Constitution shortly after its ratification. These amendments guarantee certain political, procedural, and property rights against infringement by the national government (Patterson, 2009). â€Å"A bill of rights is what the people are entitled to against every government on earth, general or particular, and what no just government should refuse, or rest on influence (Thomas Jefferson). The First Amendment provides the foundation for freedom of expression which is the right of individual Americans to hold and communicate views of their choosing (Patterson, 2009). The motivation of the Bill of Rights was to guarantee individual rights and freedoms. The First Amendment reflects this tradition, providing for freedom of religion along with freedom of speech, press, assembly, and petition. The three provisions of the First Amendment are the freedom of speech, assembly and religion. The freedom of speech states that you are free to say almost anything except that which is obscene, slanders another person, or has a high probability of inciting others to take imminent lawless action. The freedom of assembly states that you are free to assemble, although government may regulate the time and place for reasons of public convenience safety, provided such regulations are applied evenhandedly to all groups. The freedom of religion states that you are protected from having the religious beliefs of others imposed on you, and you are free to believe what you like. Freedom of religion simply means citizens have freedom to attend a church, synagogue, temple or mosque of their choice, or not to attend at all. The First Amendment allows us to practice our religion the way we want to. When talking about freedom of religion and the First Amendment I think about religion in the schools. Every since the Supreme Court held school-sponsored prayer unconstitutional in the early 1960s, there has ben a concerted and well-funded campaign to reintroduce religion in public schools. Public schools themselves should not be in the business of promoting particular religious beliefs or religious activities and they should protect children from being coerced by others to accept religious (or anti-religious beliefs. A Saskatchewan Human Rights Commission inquiry ruled in July that the Saskatoon Board of Education must end a practice of giving teachers the option of conducting prayers in public school classrooms and assemblies. In practice, the choice has been primarily the Lords Prayer. The ruling will not change practices in separate schools. The inquiry followed a complaint six years ago by nine parents, including Muslims, Jews, Unitarians and atheists. About 20% of the 550 public school classrooms in Saskatoon begin the day with prayer. The decision may be appealed in court (Globe and Mail, 1999). The relationship between religion and government in the United States when it comes to the United States Constitution is governed by the First Amendment to the Constitution, which both prevents the government from establishing religion and protects privately initiated religious expression and activities from government interference and discrimination. The First Amendment thus establishes certain limits on the conduct of public school officials as it relates to religious activity, including prayer. Prayer should not have been taken out of schools. Parents should be sent home a letter opting out of religious activities and employees should be given the same option, but taken it out of schools was ridiculous. The case of Engel v. Vitale (1962) went to the Supreme Court and the case was about a time in 1951 the New York State Board of Regents (the State board of education) approved a 22-word â€Å"nondenominational prayer â€Å"for recitation each morning in the public schools of New York. It read: â€Å"Almighty God, we acknowledge our dependence upon Thee, and we beg Thy blessings upon us, our parents, our teachers and our Country.† The Regents believed that the prayer could be a useful tool for the development of character and good citizenship among the students of the State of New York. The prayer was offered to the school boards in the State for their use, and participation in the â€Å"prayer-exercise† was voluntary. In New Hyde Park, New York, the Union Free School District No. 9 directed the local principal to have the prayer â€Å"said aloud by each class in the presence of a teacher at the beginning of the school day.† The parents of ten pupils in the New Hyde Park schools objected to the prayer. They filed suit in a New York State court seeking a ban on the prayer, insisting that the use of this official prayer in the public schools was contrary to their own and their childrens beliefs, religions, or religious practices. The State appeals court upheld the use of the prayer, â€Å"so long as the schools did not compel any pupil to join in the prayer over his or his parents objection† (infoplease.com). The Freedom to Assemble gives people the right to assemble peacefully without causing any harm to others. As much as I do not agree with the KKK views and opinions they should be able to assemble if they do it in a peaceful manner. The First Amendment prohibits government from abridging the right of the people peaceably to assemble. This basic freedom ensures that the spirit of the First Amendment survives and thrives even when the majority of citizens would rather suppress expression it finds offensive. Over the course of our history, freedom of assembly has protected individuals espousing myriad viewpoints. Striking workers, civil rights advocates, anti-war demonstrators and Ku Klux Klan marchers have all taken to the streets and sidewalks in protest or in support of their causes. Sometimes these efforts have galvanized public support or changed public perceptions. Imagine a civil rights movement without the March on Washington or the womens suffrage movement without ranks of long-skirted, placard-carrying suffragists filling city streets. The U.S. Supreme Court recognized the importance of this freedom in the 1937 case De Jonge v. State of Oregon, writing that the right to peaceable assembly is a right cognate to those of free speech and free press and is equally fundamental. â€Å"According to the Court, † the right to assemble is one that cannot be denied without violating those fundamental principles which lie at the base of all civil and political institutions† (archive.firstamendmentcenter.org). The KKKs right to assemble peaceably was secured by the famous 1977 case of National Socialist Party v. Skokie, in which the American Civil Liberties Union successfully argued that the First Amendment prohibited officials of Skokie, Ill., from banning a march by the National Socialist Party. Skokie is a Chicago suburb that is home to many Holocaust survivors. One federal judge reasoned that â€Å"it is better to allow those who preach racial hatred to expend their venom in rhetoric rather than to be panicked into embarking on the dangerous course of permitting the government to decide what its citizens may say and hear† (archive.firstamendmentcenter.org). In conclusion, the First Amendment of the United States protects the rights to freedom of religion and freedom of expression as well as freedom of assembly from government interference. Freedom of expression consists of the rights to freedom of speech, press, assembly and to petition the government for a redress of grievances, and the implied rights of association and belief. The Supreme Court interprets the extent of the protection afforded to these rights. The First Amendment has been interpreted by the Court as applying to the entire federal government even though it is only expressly applicable to Congress. Two clauses in the First Amendment guarantee freedom of religion. The Establishment Clause and the Free Exercise Clause are two clauses in the First Amendment that guarantee freedom of religion. The Establishment Clause prohibits the government from passing legislation to establish an official religion or preferring one religion over another. It enforces the separation of church and state. The Free Exercise Clause prohibits the government, in most instances, from interfering with a persons practice of their religion. The right to assemble allows people to gather for peaceful and lawful purposes. Implicit within this right is the right to association and belief. With that being said, all people should be having some kind of freedom. They should be able to boycott and assemble peacefully without causing any harm to anyone. People should be free to have their different views and opinions of religion, be it that they religious or anti-religious. To sum it all up I would love for everyone to feel that they are free. References http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1961/1961_468 http://www.aclu.org/religion-belief/program-freedom-religion-and-belief-government-funded-religion Religion in schools (teachers in Saskatchewan will no longer have the option of conducting prayer services in class). Humanist in Canada 130 (1999): 4, 39. General OneFile. Web. 25 June 2012. http://www2.ed.gov/policy/gen/guid/religionandschools/prayer_guidance.html

The Awakening: Edna :: essays research papers

The Awakening: Edna This is a look at "The Awakening" by Kate Chopin. When you first look at the life of Edna you think there is not much to discuss. Edna is a married woman who at first seems vaguely satisfied with her life--"she grew fond of her husband, realizing with some unaccountable satisfaction that no trace of passion or excessive and fictitious warmth colored her affection, thereby threatening its dissolution." (Chopin, 558). Edna doesn't know what she wants from life. It is evident from the way she tries to change her life to make it better, that she wants her own happiness. She refuses to stay home on Tuesdays, which she is expected to do to satisfy the social conventions of the time. She spends more time on her art. She goes to races and parties all the time. All of this doesn't seem to help her maintain happiness all the time. There were days when she was very happy without knowing why. She was happy to be alive and breathing, when her whole being seemed to be one with the sunlight, the color, the odors, the luxuriant warmth of some perfect Southern day. There were days when she was unhappy, she did not know why, when it did not seem worth while to be glad or sorry, to be dead or alive; when life appeared to her like a grotesque Pandemonium and humanity like worms struggling blindly toward inevitable annihilation. (Chopin, 588) Edna struggled to make her life more fulfilling. Edna wanted what? Passion, excitement? She states to the Doctor, "But I don't want anything but my own way. That is wanting a good deal, of course, when you have to trample upon the lives, the hearts, the prejudices of others--but no matter--still, I shouldn't want to trample upon the little lives." (Chopin, 629). In the title of "The Awakening" I get the impression of someone waking up and deciding that their life is not what they want. Edna goes from being reasonably happy in her life to very unhappy with her life and tries to change it to make it better. The ways she goes about it are not necessarily the right ways, but at least she tries to change it to make it better. The acceptable behaviors of the time in which she lived worked against her. Edna stays married because divorce was unheard of in those days. She wants to marry Robert, but he will not because it will disgrace her to leave her husband. She exceeds the social boundaries of the day by going her own way and The Awakening: Edna :: essays research papers The Awakening: Edna This is a look at "The Awakening" by Kate Chopin. When you first look at the life of Edna you think there is not much to discuss. Edna is a married woman who at first seems vaguely satisfied with her life--"she grew fond of her husband, realizing with some unaccountable satisfaction that no trace of passion or excessive and fictitious warmth colored her affection, thereby threatening its dissolution." (Chopin, 558). Edna doesn't know what she wants from life. It is evident from the way she tries to change her life to make it better, that she wants her own happiness. She refuses to stay home on Tuesdays, which she is expected to do to satisfy the social conventions of the time. She spends more time on her art. She goes to races and parties all the time. All of this doesn't seem to help her maintain happiness all the time. There were days when she was very happy without knowing why. She was happy to be alive and breathing, when her whole being seemed to be one with the sunlight, the color, the odors, the luxuriant warmth of some perfect Southern day. There were days when she was unhappy, she did not know why, when it did not seem worth while to be glad or sorry, to be dead or alive; when life appeared to her like a grotesque Pandemonium and humanity like worms struggling blindly toward inevitable annihilation. (Chopin, 588) Edna struggled to make her life more fulfilling. Edna wanted what? Passion, excitement? She states to the Doctor, "But I don't want anything but my own way. That is wanting a good deal, of course, when you have to trample upon the lives, the hearts, the prejudices of others--but no matter--still, I shouldn't want to trample upon the little lives." (Chopin, 629). In the title of "The Awakening" I get the impression of someone waking up and deciding that their life is not what they want. Edna goes from being reasonably happy in her life to very unhappy with her life and tries to change it to make it better. The ways she goes about it are not necessarily the right ways, but at least she tries to change it to make it better. The acceptable behaviors of the time in which she lived worked against her. Edna stays married because divorce was unheard of in those days. She wants to marry Robert, but he will not because it will disgrace her to leave her husband. She exceeds the social boundaries of the day by going her own way and

Political Philosophy and Major Theme Machiavelli Essay

Machiavelli had a true and abiding love for Florence. He wanted to make Florence great and also find himself a job, as he lost his when the Medici family came into power. He dedicated his book on political science, The Prince, to Lorenzo Medici in the hopes that Lorenzo would be impressed and offer him a job. However, Lorenzo ignored the book and Machiavelli. The Prince is a didactic examination of political power, how to achieve it, maintain it, and expand it. Machiavelli does not take into consideration what is morally right, or amoral, only what is useful and useless. The book is more like a technical manual, and technical manuals only state the facts. The book defines what turns a mere man into a great ruler and what turns a great ruler into a mere man. Machiavelli’s book of politics is unique because it is so realistic. He does not place man in a false utopia where man live in eternal peace and harmony, everyone doing good to one another for the good of the public whole. Rather, he writes a manual where there are political conflicts and tensions. Machiavelli writes how a prince should deal with these conflicts and tensions. He condones cruelty, punishment, religion, rewards, compassion, and integrity to achieve power. Whatever means to achieve the end. QUESTIONS 2. Discuss Machiavelli’s â€Å"heroes†. Select one and discuss the traits that he finds admirable in that person. Be specific. Machiavelli’s heroes are Moses, Cyrus, Romulus and Theseus. They all formed civilizations. When Machiavelli talks about his heroes he is speaking of how to acquire a princedom. As Isiah Berlin says in his essay, Machiavelli admired these heroes because they were high-minded, tough, and tough enough to use brutality against the few, to help the public good of the princedom. He especially admired Moses because he was worthy to talk to God. Moses had the opportunity to create a new civilization with the Israelites because they were being treated badly by the Pharaoh . Therefore, Moses took advantage of their discontent with their new master and led them in a revolt. Eventually creating a new civilization. Machiavelli admired Moses because of his strength of character that carried him through the difficult trouble of gaining power. 3. Discuss Machiavelli’s opinions on the uses of cruelty to accomplish certain goals. The Prince is about the ways to achieve political power, with no preference for the way in which it is achieved. Machiavelli does not advocate unnecessary cruelty. His book is only about how to obtain and keep a princedom. Machiavelli believes that cruelty is sometimes necessary to acquire or/and keep political power. Machiavelli recognized that in the time he lived a political ruler would have to use cruelty, he writes, â€Å"The new prince, above all princes, cannot possibly avoid the name of cruelty†. He also states in Chapter VIII that cruelty may be useful sometimes in achieving certain ends, but it would bring no glory. 1. What does Machiavelli think of â€Å"the people† in the course of human history? Machiavelli refers to â€Å"the people† as â€Å"the masses†, lots of times. He realizes that â€Å"the people† are a dominant force in politics, whether it is a democracy or a republic. When a princedom is added to an already established kingdom, he writes that the customs must be the same between the two and that no new taxes or laws should be enacted. To do so would cause the people to revolt and the recently acquired princedom would be in jeopardy. Machiavelli realizes a prince cannot keep political power if his people hate him. A hostile population may abandon him or turn against him when hostile noble attack, then the prince will lose the kingdom. Machievelli also believed that a prince may â€Å" make an example of a very few† be execution of severe punishment, but that letting the population bring disorder among themselves was bad for the whole community. Therefore, Machiavelli was wary of â€Å"mob rule†. Machiavelli realizes that â€Å"the people† have to be relatively happy for a princedom to be healthy. 4. In general, what is Machiavelli telling his â€Å"Prince† with regard to the use of power? Machiavelli’s entire book is about power. How to achieve a princedom with power. Power over â€Å"the people† with cruelty (or punishment); power over other princes with deceit or a bigger army or powerful friends; power over the army with cruelty and/or money. He speaks of control over captured cities by dividing them into factions, disarming the people or forming hostilities among the people. All of these things achieve power. A prince must also be more powerful than his counselors, listening and gleaning knowledge but making his own decisions; because a weak prince will do whatever his counselors tell him and then his counselors will take over the princedom. EVALUATION OF BOOK I think this is one of the most interesting books I’ve read in a while. It’s dry, realistic, terse, and to the point. It’s also very easy to read (I was pleasantly surprised). All of the historical connotations are especially interesting. I read that Hitler, Mussolini, and Lenin found Machiavelli valuable reading; I would like to delve more into that one!! In the Renaissance religion and learning were beginning to be thought of as separate and Machiavelli was a man of his time. His book was entirely didactic and did not have a trace of religion. He spoke of cruelty and deceit in matter-of-fact tones and kept his book strictly a manual, with no judgements. In our modern time, we have to discern his book in the same manner that he wrote it. If we do not, we will not understand what he was writing.

Give Me Liberty: Chapter 17 Outline Essay

Populists or people’s party members were part of this era’s greatest political insurgency. It evolved from the Farmers’ Alliance, where farmers across forty-three states banded together to remedy their condition. The people’s party not only attracted farmers but also included all the â€Å"producing classes.† Their lasting legacy comes from the populist platform of 1892 and also from the fact that populism came close to replacing the two already existing parties. Explain how a system of racial segregation was established in the South: Since populism failed in the south, it was open to the induction of a new racial order. As much of Reconstruction was undone as possible by the Redeemers, so called because they believed they saved the region from alleged misgovernment and impending â€Å"black rule.† New laws were created that jailed anyone without a job, and the punishment for petty crimes was increased tenfold. Of course, the black population suffered the greatest after this. Then, convict laboring became popular which basically put blacks right back into slavery. Blacks continued to be denied high paying jobs, but a black middle class began to arise in the urban communities consisting of people with professions such as teachers and professors. Blacks in politics declined also, though not abruptly. They eventually lost their right to vote. In Plessy v. Ferguson it was made legal to segregate public places. Lynching also rose in popular ity again. Describe what ways the boundaries of American freedom grew narrower in this period: At the end of the 19th century, the thought process of Americans changed quite a bit, towards the idea that freedom should not be offered equally, only to the right and supposed deserving people. An Ohio newspaper stated that the influx of immigrants was overrunning cities, and that they â€Å"have no appreciation of the true meaning of liberty.† Most of the immigrants in this period came from Italy, Russia, Austro-Hungarian empires, and other countries in Southern and eastern Europe. Immigrants were looked down upon as horrible excuses for people who are inclined to steal and commit crime from birth. People started to look for a way to limit the rights of these people, and also prevent more from entering. In Boston, the immigration restriction league was formed and proposed that literacy would be required to enter the country. This was adopted by many states. Blacks also continued to see less and less rights in the South, as well as disenfranchisement. Suffrage was becoming more of a privilege in America, instead of a right. Explain how the United States emerged as an imperial power in the 1890’s: America started out slow as government officials and business owners decided the land and resources they had weren’t enough. At first, proposals to annex other countries were vetoed and over-sea focus remained mostly on trade. Then, a group of late nineteenth century thinkers proposed an idea of updated manifest destiny, and that the most beneficial thing to do for the world was to impose the Anglo-Saxon traditions on uncivilized societies and turn them into consumers of American goods. This was outlined in the book Our Country by Josiah Strong. Alfred T. Mahan took advantage of the time at which western expansion ended, as all land was finally claimed by a state. He published a book that urged American expansion to move outward because we could no longer capitalize on our own land. This book influenced James Blaine, secretary of state during the presidency of Harrison. Harrison requested the construction of four new battleships, while Blaine encouraged the president to push for Hawaii, Puerto Rico, and Cuba to be set up as naval bases. The depression further exacerbated these ideas and plunged the country into a period of aggressive nationalism, where newspapers containing sentiments of nationalism views sold like hotcakes. Vocabulary: The Farmer’s Alliance – Farmer’s in the early 1890’s felt disenfranchised, so they banded together to aid each other. Spread across 43 states. The Populist Party – Evolved from the farmer’s alliance, except it included all working classes. Their platform still remains a classic American document. They sought to redefine the idea of freedom in the contemporary government. It attracted many followers, including a large number of women who wanted suffrage, and a small number of blacks. Populist Platform – Consisted of six main items: 1. Direct election of U.S. Senators 2. Government control of currency 3. A graduated income tax 4. Low cost public financing for farmers 5. Legalize unionizing 6. Public ownership of railroads William J. Bryan –Second candidate chosen by populists for president. He was supported by democrats as well and ran as democrat even. He condemned the gold standard, and advocated free silver and unrestricted minting of silver money. He hoped it would help relieve farmer debts. He was also devoutly religious. Coxey’s Army – A band of several hundred unemployed men led by Ohio businessman Jacob Coxey demanding economic relief. They marched to D.C. where they were forced to disperse by soldiers. Pullman Strike – Workers in a company owned town called Pullman called a strike due to low wages. The idea spread and the boycott called by the American Railway Union crippled national rail service, government injunctions were imposed to force laborers to work. Eugene V. Debs – Charismatic leader of the rail-worker’s union and the Pullman strike, was jailed for contempt of court. On his release, 100,000 people greeted him, and he called them lovers of liberty. He said that state and national government was going to take from the weak their birthright of freedom. Free Silver – Unrestricted minting of silver money, Supported by Bryan because he hoped to circulate more money to aid farmers. Election of 1896 – Won by William McKinley, the republican candidate. Bryan who represented the democrats lost by about 6 million votes. Bryan is noted to have driven many republicans to McKinley because of Bryan’s call for inflation and speeches against corporate arrogance. Northeast and Midwest industrial states voted republican, while less populous states voted for Bryan which is why he lost. William McKinley – Former Ohio governor and republican, won the election of 1896. His campaign manager Hanna created a political machine that flooded the states with pamphlets and other propaganda. The Redeemers – Claimed to have redeemed the southern region of misgovernment and black rule. They were able to impose their racial order due to the failure of populism in the south. When they gained power they quickly undid as much as they were able of Reconstruction. New laws incarcerated people for the simplest of crimes, and then convicts were bought and sold and used as a cheap form of labor, much like slavery. The Kansas Exodus – 50,000 blacks migrated to Kansas in the belief they would find political equality, freedom from violence, access to education and economic opportunity. Pap singleton handed out flyers portraying Kansas as a utopia. However, most blacks didn’t have the capital to farm so they ended up getting stuck there with low paying jobs. Decline of Black Politics and voting – Black people gave up their interest in politics after reconstruction, and they sought more fulfilling careers in business, law, or the church. This turned out to be their worst mistake because then their voting was taken away in the south as soon as it was possible. Poll taxes and other voter restrictions were enacted that were aimed at blacks but still lawful. Jim Crow Laws – State and local laws mandating de jure racial segregation in Southern states. Examples: Created the poll taxes, literacy tests, and the grandfather clause. Blacks were denied access to many public and municipal facilities such as parks, theaters, housing, and mass transit. Various economic sanctions were placed on blacks in order to maintain their status. Plessy V. Ferguson – Upheld the constitutionality of state laws requiring racial segregation in public facilities under the doctrine of â€Å"separate but equal.† Lynching – The murder of a person, usually black, and then hanging them on a tree to ridicule them. Authorities seldom involved themselves in the conflicts even though they knew about them. Chinese Exclusion Act – The first major legal restriction on immigration to the U.S.; prohibited further unskilled Chinese immigration in order to reduce competition for jobs. Booker T. Washington – Former slave who promoted economic independence and a slow transition for blacks into free society; founded the Tuskegee Institute. American Federation of Labor – Alliance of skilled workers in craft unions; focus was bread-and butter issues such as higher wages, shorter hours, and better working conditions. It was led by Samuel Gompers. Alfred Mahan – Author who argued in 1890 that the economic future of the United States rested on new overseas markets protected by a larger navy; wrote â€Å"The Influence of Sea Power Upon History.† Josiah Strong – Author of Our Country: Its Possible Future and Its Present Crisis, in which he urged Anglo-Saxons to â€Å"civilize and Christianize† the American West. Annexation of Hawaii – American sugar plantation owners began the annexation by overthrowing the country’s queen successfully, which was followed by American military action. McKinley requested a joint resolution of annexation because it was popular amongst Americans although not among Hawaiians. Spanish – American War – Caused by suspicions of the Maine, support of Cuban independence, economic depression, and Yellow Press Journalism. The effect it had on America was that it pushed it into imperialism, after the war was won by the U.S., they received three new territories. Teller Amendment – Promised that America would not annex Cuba after winning the war. Yellow Journalism – Journalism that exploits, distorts, or exaggerates the news to create sensations and attract readers. Open Door Policy – Allowed free flow of trade with Asia, while still barring Asians to enter the country. The Philippine War – Began after Filipinos incorrectly thought that they would self govern after independence from Spain. McKinley decided he still wanted the islands though, so they revolted and lost. â€Å"White Man’s Burden† – Poem by Rudyard Kipling outlining the contemporary thoughts of the government, which is it is our duty to civilize the lesser races. Anti – Imperialist League – Argued that an empire and democracy cannot coexist.

How to Calculate the Median of Exponential Distribution

How to Calculate the Median of Exponential Distribution The median of a set of data is the midway point wherein exactly half of the data values are less than or equal to the median. In a similar way, we can think about the median of a continuous probability distribution, but rather than finding the middle value in a set of data, we find the middle of the distribution in a different way. The total area under a probability density function is 1, representing 100%, and as a result,  half of this can be represented by one-half or 50 percent. One of the big ideas of mathematical statistics is that probability is represented by the area under the curve of the density function, which is calculated by an integral, and thus the median of a continuous distribution is the point on the real number line where exactly half of the area lies to the left. This can be more succinctly stated by the following improper integral. The median of the continuous random variable X with density function f( x) is the value M such that: ï » ¿0.5∠«m−∞f(x)dx0.5\int_{m}^{-\infty}f(x)dx0.5∠«m−∞​f(x)dxï » ¿ Median for Exponential Distribution We now calculate the median for the exponential distribution Exp(A). A random variable with this distribution has density function f(x) e-x/A/A for x any nonnegative real number. The function also contains the mathematical constant e, approximately equal to 2.71828. Since the probability density function is zero for any negative value of x, all that we must do is integrate the following and solve for M: 0.5 ∠«0M f(x) dx Since the integral ∠« e-x/A/A dx -e-x/A, the result is that 0.5 -e-M/A 1 This means that 0.5 e-M/A and after taking the natural logarithm of both sides of the equation, we have: ln(1/2) -M/A Since 1/2 2-1, by properties of logarithms we write: - ln2 -M/A Multiplying both sides by A gives us the result that the median M A ln2. Median-Mean Inequality in Statistics   One consequence of this result should be mentioned: the mean of the exponential distribution Exp(A) is A, and since ln2 is less than 1, it follows that the product Aln2 is less than A. This means that the median of the exponential distribution is less than the mean. This makes sense if we think about the graph of the probability density function. Due to the long tail, this distribution is skewed to the right. Many times when a distribution is skewed to the right, the mean is to the right of the median. What this means in terms of statistical analysis is that we can oftentimes predict that the mean and median do not directly correlate given the probability that data is skewed to the right, which can be expressed as the median-mean inequality proof known as Chebyshevs inequality. As an example, consider a data set that posits that a person receives a total of 30 visitors in 10 hours, where the mean wait time for a visitor is 20 minutes, while the set of data may present that the median wait time would be somewhere between 20 and 30 minutes if over half of those visitors came in the first five hours.

Intercontinental Hotels Group

Intercontinental Hotels Group Introduction Many countries in the world depend on the travel and hospitality industry as the major source of revenue. Indeed, the travel and hospitality industry plays a significant role in economic emancipation. In today’s technologically advancing world, and competitive business markets, various organizations must come up with new strategies in order to retain customers and even attract others. Additionally, many business segments focus on modalities of expanding their portfolios in order to increase their market share.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Intercontinental Hotels Group Green Engage sustainability system specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In this new area of technological revolution, organizations engage in other activities in order to please their customers. In fact, the main role of corporate events in any organisation or company is to entertain clients so that they become happier than they wer e before. This is the reason why many organizations continue to employ new strategies in order to attract prospective clients (Holcomb, Upchurch Okumus, 2007, pp. 461-475). The Intercontinental Hotels Group’s corporate hospitality section is expanding at a fast rate and many clients consider it one of the best. This is simply because the sector has mastered the art of linking spectators and activities in order to offer judicious hospitality products and services to clients. Owing to these facts, the intercontinental hotels group has the responsibility of retaining and attracting new customers by adopting new strategies. This report will assess the intercontinental hotel group – green engage sustainability system as a corporate hospitality event (Paton, 2007, pp. 46-49). Intercontinental Hotels Group Intercontinental Hotels Group undoubtedly runs the biggest multinational hotels in the world. The group has its headquarters in Denham, United Kingdom. It has over 4000 ho tels across the globe and enormous accommodation spaces. It also has several brands such as Holiday Inn Express, Hotel Indigo and Even. Other brands include Intercontinental and Candlewood Suites. One of the most common features about these hotels is that they run under franchise agreements. In other words, the company runs the affairs of the hotels, but different stakeholders own them. Of all the hotels under the group, investors only own and manage ten. The International Hotels Group also has listed some of its shares in major trading stock markets. For instance, FTSE 100 index, London Stock Exchange, and New York Stock Exchange are some of the stock markets that have listed International Hotels Group shares. Primarily, the Intercontinental Hotels Group manages all hotels owned by the group.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It also performs other functions such a s franchising the IHG brands in order to attract customers. The hotel mainly involves itself in hospitality activities such as hotel management, accommodation, creation of systems, and sales and marketing of their products. The owners are responsible for the construction of new hotels and coming up of new structures to house other services. This is simply because these activities need risk profiling; require enormous management skills and capital to run. So far, the group has sixteen corporately owned hotels that use the brand (Intercontinental Hotel Group, 2013, p. 1). Green Engage sustainability system The intercontinental hotel group owns the best hotel brands in the world, but it also understands that the change of climatic conditions affects their business. Like any other organisation, IHG commits itself towards reducing energy, carbon, and other substances that destroy the environment. The group is also committed towards clean energy, as a way of minimizing emissions. For inst ance, in the past, the management has resorted to other means of energy by stopping the purchase of carbon commodities. The group has also collaborated with other developers to identify and implement not only cost-effective, but also sustainable technology. We have seen that IHG has over 4500 hotels. Furthermore, the stakeholders are doing all they can in order to introduce clean technology into their business portfolios. The stakeholders have also put in place mechanisms to ensure that the hotel not only complies with climate change patters, but also adopts sustainable technologies. We now that green technology is evolving at a fast rate. In order to meet the demands of green technology, the group has employed professionals to explore new designs that are sustainable (Intercontinental Hotel Group, 2013, p. 1). Green Engage System Some few years ago, the Intercontinental Hotels Group unveiled its online sustainability system to check compliance of sustainability. This system plays a significant role in ensuring that all IHG hotels not only conserve resources, but also save money. In order to realize this, the system proposes constant measuring and reporting of waste consumption, water consumption and hotel energy. This is important because it will reduce the skyrocketing energy costs.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Intercontinental Hotels Group Green Engage sustainability system specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In fact, energy costs have been major concerns to owners who have witnessed the rising energy prices lower their profits and threaten their businesses. The taxation of carbon fuels also threatens the operations of the hotels and therefore, there was need to look for new and sustainable ways of energy. There is no doubt that by unveiling this system, the intercontinental hotels group showed its commitment towards ensuring sustainability. Since the unveiling of the system, stakeholders have received the system without complains. There has been consensus among stakeholders and all of them believe that the system is good to their business. In fact, this has led to the certification of the system making IHG the first hotel in the world to receive such accreditation. Many stakeholders believe that the system is advantageous especially to environmental sustainability, and provides mechanisms of ensuring sustainability. Moreover, the reason why stakeholders approved the system is that it routinely creates reports and sets new energy benchmarks in order to make comparisons with other useful data. The system also plays other significant roles such as providing green solutions, and generating new and sustainable hotel designs. The system also provides information on new ways of reducing the impacts brought about by non-sustainable energy sources. Notably, the green engage system functions like a library of information to stakeholders. For instance, the green engage system has information on selecting suitable site for development, and choosing the right lighting for a particular hotel. This happens through selecting conscientious cleaning materials and training of employees on issues of sustainability. Since the adoption of the system, stakeholders continue to realize their return of investment. Additionally, the system has led to the reduction of carbon emissions and increased the number of guests thus, generating more revenue (U.S. Department of Energy, 2013, p. 1). Benefits of the Green Engage System to stakeholders The biggest beneficiaries of the green engage system are the stakeholders. To start with, the system has enabled the IHG hotels to save over 25 percent of energy. This translated to over $300 million, money that the group can invest elsewhere. So far, over 3000 hotels under the group have adopted the system and the management expects all hotels to adopt the system soon. Stakeholders believe that the green engage system offers consider able competitive edge towards ensuring sustainability. For instance, through the system, the IHG hotels have become cost-effective. This means that it is able to offer better and improved services that will only attract more prospective customers, but also retain them. There is no doubt that many clients prefer to stay in ‘green’ rooms, and this desire enabled IHG to win a contract worth  £300,000 annually for seven consecutive years (Mayock, 2011, p. 1).Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Culture Shift By adopting the green engage system, the intercontinental hotel group has adopted a new culture of ensuring sustainability. Unlike the past, the green engage system provides information on the levels of sustainability, tracks the process of sustainability, and releases progress reports that indicate areas to improve. Notably, in a highly competitive travel and hospitality market, the adoption of the system marked a culture shift that not only recommends green technology solutions, but also encourages competition. There is no doubt that the system has introduced a culture shift in the hospitality industry for sustainability reasons. For instance, the green engage system provides a calculator that hotel managers can use to calculate the carbon footprint. Consequently, if it is high, then they can look for ways of minimizing it (EcoCommericial Building, 2013, p. 1). Conclusion The green engage system developed by the intercontinental hotels group is a step towards ensurin g clean energy. Since its adoption, the company has managed to reduce carbon footprints thus reducing the rising energy costs. Most importantly, many visitors enjoy staying in the IHG ‘green’ hotels. References EcoCommericial Building, 2013, The effort to be sustainable from the hotel groups,   http://china.ecocommercial-building-network.com/2013/02/21/the-effort-to-be-sustainable-from-the-hotel-groups/. Holcomb, J. L., Upchurch, R. S., Okumus, F., 2007, ‘Corporate social responsibility: What are top hotel companies reporting’, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, vol. 9 no. 6, pp. 461-475. Intercontinental Hotel Group, 2013, Corporate Responsibility Report: Green Engage,   ihgplc.com/index.asp?pageid=742. Mayock, P 2011, IHG reaps energy savings with Green Engage, hotelnewsnow.com/articles.aspx/5089/IHG-reaps-energy-savings-with-Green-Engage. Paton, N 2007, ‘Giving something back’, Caterer Hotelkeeper, vol. 197 no. 4496, pp. 46-49. U.S. Department of Energy, 2013, Showcase project: Intercontinental Hotel Group,   http://www4.eere.energy.gov/challenge/partners/better-buildings/intercontinental-hotels-group.

Supervise vs. Monitor

Supervise vs. Monitor Supervise vs. Monitor Supervise vs. Monitor By Maeve Maddox A reader wants to know if there’s a difference between the verbs supervise and monitor. Both are synonyms for the act of overseeing the execution of a task or activity. Some speakers use them interchangeably, but they do differ in connotation. Supervise implies more interaction than monitor. Supervisors have the responsibility of informing and directing, while monitors observe without instructing. A person who supervises children is expected to step in if they behave contrary to expectations; a person or machine engaged in monitoring an activity is not generally expected to deal directly with a problem, but to alert a person in charge. The noun form for supervise is supervisor; monitor serves as noun as well as verb. A supervisor is always human; a monitor may be a human being or a machine. Monitor comes from Latin monere, â€Å"to warn.† It’s the monitor’s job to warn someone that some activity is not proceeding according to plan. You might monitor your utility bills by keeping track of the monthly increases and decreases. The Yankees also will monitor what the Brewers do with Rickie Weeks, who could be beaten out at second base by Scooter Gennett. Just asking a child to monitor their own behavior will increase the behavior that you want and reduce the behavior you do not want to see. Sometimes a monitor may be expected to act, but only in an extreme situation requiring immediate attention. Police expected to monitor Rizzuto funeral visitation closely Another noun for the person who oversees the work of others is overseer, a word which can bear a negative connotation. Historically, an overseer was in charge of slaves or, in Australia, a band of convicts. In modern Australian usage, an overseer is the manager of a sheep station or other rural property. In American usage, an Overseer is a member of a university governing board, or a religious leader. In general American usage, however, overseer is still strongly associated with slavery; think Jonas Wilkerson in Gone With the Wind. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:7 English Grammar Rules You Should KnowSelect vs. SelectedList of 50 Compliments and Nice Things to Say!

John Steinbeck Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

John Steinbeck - Research Paper Example The lower part of the Salinas valley was a shipping center. The demographic and the geographic location characteristics of John Steinbeck’s hometown were great factors that influenced a majority of his novels and indicated his characters had a strong identification with the land. Steinbeck even wrote to George Albee in 1933 telling him that he wanted to write the story of the entire valley, all the small towns and farms and all the ranches located in the wilder hills. Steinbeck had a comfortable childhood period in Salinas, though as a teenager his family faced numerous setbacks. His adorable father who had been working as a manager in Sperry Flour lost his job. He worked out his second option of opening a grain and feeds store, but unfortunately it failed too. Eventually, he was in a position to secure a job in Monterey County as the treasurer. Steinbeck loved his pony, which he named Jill, and this inspired him to write his later novel entitled â€Å"The Red Pony†. His writing career was greatly affected by his childhood even ts. On his ninth birthday, someone gave him a copy of Thomas Malory’s work, and he admits that when he first read it, he was charmed of words because the old fashioned words delighted him (Steinbeck 97). He keenly read the stories of King Arthur, and together with his sister, they would visualize the towers of Camelot amidst the sandstone erosions alongside the Pastures of Heaven where his aunt resided. Twenty years down the line, he adopted Arthurian tropes besides chapter headings of his novel Tortilla Flat. Steinbeck in his career would travel to England to prepare how the Arthurian tales would be updated for modernity. His mission wasn’t complete until his demise but his Noble Knights and Acts of King Arthur were later published posthumously. As a teenager, John Steinbeck displayed a robust interest in writing and in his high school days, he would work until the

Gay, Lesbians, and Mental Illness Research Paper

Gay, Lesbians, and Mental Illness - Research Paper Example This is so because mental health personnel and society at large were given biased information, to begin with. The resultant conclusions were biased too because some time ago, only those gay/lesbians undergoing medical treatment were involved in the studies. But it soon became apparent that homosexuality was not a mental syndrome when researchers studied data of those who were not undergoing therapy. It was not only the mental health professional themselves who were guilty of this belief. Until 1973, even a prestigious organization as the American Psychiatric Association was guilty of this practice for they used to include homosexuality in the official manual that listed mental and emotional disorders. And it took American Psychological Association another two years to pass the resolution supporting the action of the APA. Some people still cling to the idea that mental illness is associated with homosexual orientation. It was the new and better-designed research methods that helped turn the tables in reaching this momentous decision on behalf of the gay/lesbians. Now, all concerned are in agreement that homosexuality is not an illness, mental disorder or an emotional problem. But it was not until more than three decades have passed that the situation was finally remedied. It is gratifying to note that much research has been done on the subject. Tori DeAngelis is a writer who is based in New York. She writes prolifically on homosexuality and related issues. She unearths valuable data on the lesbian/gay and bisexual (LGB) mental health and states that new findings overturn beliefs that were held previously inviolable. She reports on some of the new ‘breakthrough studies’ that offer fresh insights into the mental state of gay/lesbians. According to her, many such studies indicate that compared to heterosexuals, gay/lesbians seem to have higher rates of mental disorders.  Of course, this does not rise to the levels of serious pathology.  Ã‚  

CITI business case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

CITI business - Case Study Example Increased competition for capital continues to force banks to innovate (Citibank, 2008). In order to differentiate its e-business products from those of its competitors, Citibank took several measures(Citibank, 2008). First, the bank developed a strategy for its corporate banking division where its target corporate clients included multinational corporations (MNCs), financial institutions, government agencies, local enterprises and SMEs. The bank understood that each of these corporate client categories had unique needs. The bank realized to need to go the extra mile to package its products to meet the unique needs of every customer (Citibank, 2008). Citibank also differentiated itself and its products from those of its competitors through an improved, comprehensive customer service. The customer service includes telephone hotlines, relationship managers who take their time to comprehend the individual customer’s needs and product advisors whose role is to advise customers on the product or products that most suits its needs. Finally, the bank continues to invest heavily in technology in order to promote both the front- and back-end electronic banking systems. Besides, the bank seeks to make itself more accessible to its customers through what is calls its unified platform. The platform uses a teamwork approach that allows the bank to work with every function in the organization of the client (Citibank, 2008). Grow its global reach: As at the time of developing this strategy in 2008, Citibank had operations in 100 countries of the world and employed over 268,000 people. This global presence, the bank believes, puts it in a strong position to meet the global needs of its customers. This being the case, the bank should continue its global expansion drive. Strengthen its brand: The bank believes that it has built a strong brand

Persuasive Message Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Persuasive Message - Essay Example As such, we have come up with detailed and more complex ways of handling cleaningness as one of the more imperative outsourcing projects. Apparently, we are aware that numerous companies have claimed to offer cleaning services in the market but have ended up doing the exact opposite. However, at Marcus-Fortune Cleaning Agency we believe that ‘COMFY DEMANDS CLEANINGNESS’. In this regard, we are equipped to offer probation services at affordable fees to act as an expression of our undoubted services upon your approval and cooperation. Marcus-Fortune Cleaning Agency as a cleaning agency offers services such as essential cleaning for offices, hospitals, schools, churches, hotels among other institutions. In addition, it offers moving services for offices and residential places for both private and public properties. Another service that we offer comprises of providing hygiene bins, collecting, and replacing them for use in washroom and recreational facilities in their respected institutions and organizations. It is for this undoubted reason that Marcus- Fortune Cleaning Agency is at your service to ensure that the level of cleaningness has met you comfort. At Marcus- Fortune Cleaning Agency, you are assured of getting the highest level of cleaningness that gives you the utmost comfort required. In addition, we have a dedicated working rot that is willing to retain its professionalism while working towards satisfaction of its potential customers. We have incorporated a comprehensive brochure of the agency, for your perusal. We anticipate for convenient meetings where we could discuss the likelihood of working with you in future. As such, we will contact you sooner than later for the possibility of setting up meetings at your convenience. You can also visit our website at www.marcusfortuneagency.uk for more information on the

Tourism in Canada Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Tourism in Canada - Research Paper Example HISTORY & CHARACTERISTICS - WEM Located at Alberta, Canada the concept of WEM had begun in 1981 prior to which the Ghermezian family who had left New York went to Montreal and then later on settled in Edmonton during 1960’s and 1970’s. Till that time they were involved in their family business of selling Persian rugs. In the late 70’s the idea of Edmonton Mall hatched in their minds and in September 1981 Phase-1 was completed with 1.1 million square feet space facilitating 220 stores. In September 1983, Phase-2 got completed by adding another 1.12 sq ft area accommodating 240 more shops. Phase 3 was completed in 1985 with a total of 5.2 million sq ft occupying 120 acres of land. The property can accommodate over 800 stores, 20,000 vehicles and staffs around 23,000 people. TOURISM HISTORY EDMONTON Edmonton being the capital city of Alberta is known for its scenic river valley and wide varieties of art and music forms. Edmonton has a unique history of architecture which has been portrayed through its Muttart Conservatory – a horticultural spectacle and the Alberta Legislature building. Fort Edmonton Park which is one of the largest living museums in Canada portraying the life, culture and arts of periods in history of Alberta right from the Fur trade Era (1846) , The settlement era (1885) and the Metropolitan Era of 1905. The Park is open each year starting with the beginning of May through the end of Labour Day. Edmonton is also famous for its humid continental climate with extreme seasonal temperatures and is considered as Canada’s one of the sunniest cities. MAJOR ATTRACTIONS Galaxyland – indoor amusement park located in the north side of the mall considered as second largest in the world with 24 rides of attraction. World Waterpark – world’s largest water park covering approximately 4.9 acres of land including wave pools, sky screamer, twisters and many other water sports. Sea life cavern – an ind oor lake with salt water habitat with a sea lion which is placed beneath the main floor of the mall with submarine facility. Ice palace – located in the centre of the mall, this ring is currently used for other sports like hockey and others. Other attractions include a Professor’s WEM Golf Course, Movie house ( originally with 4 of them, currently running only one) , Ed’s recreation centre housed with bowling alleys, music stage, arcade and restaurant, Fantasyland hotel, Petting Zoo, Gold’s Gym, Nightclub ( Whiskey Jack’s and Empire Ballroom) , four radio stations, theme areas like – Bourbon Street featuring clubs and restaurants according to New Orleans style Europa Boulevard consisting of Eclectic shops, Chinatown catering to Asian population. Alberta Aviation Museum, Telus World of Science, Art Gallery of Alberta, and City Arts Centre are some other important range of tourist spots which can accommodate people of all ages. Downtown Edmont on, the neighbourhood of Edmonton town is a commercial centre housed with Arts and Warehouse District, Rice Howard Way – the CBD of Edmonton and Art gallery of Alberta. The Royal Alberta Museum is located at Glenora which is home for Scottish inspired mansions TOURIST ACCOMODATION WEM consists of some of the most famous hotels in house to accommodate tourists from various destinations. Fantasyland Hotel –

Persuasive Message Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Persuasive Message - Essay Example As such, we have come up with detailed and more complex ways of handling cleaningness as one of the more imperative outsourcing projects. Apparently, we are aware that numerous companies have claimed to offer cleaning services in the market but have ended up doing the exact opposite. However, at Marcus-Fortune Cleaning Agency we believe that ‘COMFY DEMANDS CLEANINGNESS’. In this regard, we are equipped to offer probation services at affordable fees to act as an expression of our undoubted services upon your approval and cooperation. Marcus-Fortune Cleaning Agency as a cleaning agency offers services such as essential cleaning for offices, hospitals, schools, churches, hotels among other institutions. In addition, it offers moving services for offices and residential places for both private and public properties. Another service that we offer comprises of providing hygiene bins, collecting, and replacing them for use in washroom and recreational facilities in their respected institutions and organizations. It is for this undoubted reason that Marcus- Fortune Cleaning Agency is at your service to ensure that the level of cleaningness has met you comfort. At Marcus- Fortune Cleaning Agency, you are assured of getting the highest level of cleaningness that gives you the utmost comfort required. In addition, we have a dedicated working rot that is willing to retain its professionalism while working towards satisfaction of its potential customers. We have incorporated a comprehensive brochure of the agency, for your perusal. We anticipate for convenient meetings where we could discuss the likelihood of working with you in future. As such, we will contact you sooner than later for the possibility of setting up meetings at your convenience. You can also visit our website at www.marcusfortuneagency.uk for more information on the

M5A2 - Leadership and Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

M5A2 - Leadership and Ethics - Essay Example Additionally, Clarke’s roles throughout his career reflect that he had a strong tendency for management rather than as a technical person. Clarke shifted from commercial and marketing positions to the head of stores which had little relevance to his previous positions. Similarly, he later moved from Supply Chain Director to IT Director. Both positions have little in common so it could be surmised that Clarke is more of a manager than a technical person who would be restricted to one field of expertise in TESCO. Moreover, it must also be related that Clarke has been moved around the world when TESCO required solutions to grave problems so Clarke can be seen as an adept manager, especially under pressure. Clarke’s role as a leader is confirmed most after talking to his subordinates. All of the people interviewed, at TESCO, viewed Clarke as an able leader such that they looked up to his example. Moreover, Clarke can be seen as a direction setter for TESCO given that TESCO has switched gears after Clarke took over as Group Chief Executive. 2. Describe the ethical model or framework used by the person to make ethical decisions—include the positives and negatives of your chosen leader's ethical model. Clarke can be seen as using a managerial grid leadership model for taking ethical decisions. The use of the managerial grid leadership model is augmented by the situational theory of leadership where the leader evaluates a situation in order to provide the decision (McKee & Carlson, 1999). The managerial grid model provides for two major constraints that the leader must consider – labour satisfaction and productivity. In addition to these major constraints, the leader may also be considering other smaller constraints such as public image, accountability, legal implications etc. The leader utilising the managerial grid model for ethical decision making tends to evaluate the provided situation in terms of the constraints in the situation (Griff in & Ebert, 2010). The primary aim of the leader is to optimise all available constraints in respect to each other such that no singular constraint overrides any other constraint. It must be kept in mind that labour satisfaction and productivity will operate as primary constraints while other constraints play secondary and tertiary roles only. This particular model of ethical decision making is restricted to Philip Clarke, Group Chief Executive for TESCO only since other managerial grid leadership models would have personalised primary, secondary and tertiary constraints being considered. The managerial grid leadership model for ethical decision making has the distinct advantage of optimising organisational aims and objectives achievement. This takes place as the ethical decision making process optimises inputs for Theory Y under which labour satisfaction is maximised in order to maximise productivity (Griffin & Ebert, 2010). Essentially, as labour satisfaction increases, the achiev ement of organisational aims and objectives becomes easier and simpler but it remains to be seen what direction organisational aims and objectives lie in. Given the nature of economic enterprises, it is common to find productivity at the top of the organisational aims and objectives list but other secondary and tertiary factors may also be available such as safety, ethical practices, corporate social responsibility etc. (Ray,

Control Mechanisms - the Disney Company Essay Example for Free

Control Mechanisms the Disney Company Essay Control Mechanisms The Disney Company Bonita Johnson, Christi Cavanaugh, Gloria Aguilar, Hillary McCabe, Jeffrey Harriman MGT 330 January 9, 2012 Susan Mills Control Mechanisms The Disney Company In more than eight decades The Disney Company continues to be one of the largest media and entertainment corporations in the world. Founded on October 16, 1923 by brothers Walt and Roy Disney as a small animation studio, today The Walt Disney Company is one the largest Hollywood studios and owns 11 theme parks, two water parks, and several television networks including the American Broadcasting Company (ABC). The name Walt Disney has and always will be preeminent in the realm of family entertainment. Additionally, The Disney Company continues proudly to provide quality entertainment for all family members across American and around the world. The Walt Disney Company did not become one of the largest entertainment corporations in world without developing secure control mechanisms. The Disney Company has earned its reputation by tight control and although control pervades the company, Disney’s control mechanisms are not considered heavy-handed or condescending. This paper will examine that although The Disney Company enforces strict control mechanisms within its organization, it is also an organization independent in its thinking and approaches. The Walt Disney Company has always, and continues to use control mechanisms to help regulate policy and procedures which contribute toward effectively achieving organizational goals (The Walt Disney Company, 2008). The Disney Company has been widely successful both nationally and internationally for over 70 years primarily through successful implementation of control mechanisms throughout all aspects of the organization (The Walt Disney Company, 2008). The four types of control mechanisms that best serve The Disney Company would be budgetary, financial, management audit, and bureaucratic. The bureaucratic control function is the lifeline of Disney’s corporate structure because it provides the company’s ethical standards, mission statement, and organizational structure. Moreover, bureaucratic control is a constructive system used to influence subordinates and structure reward systems. Budgetary control is a method used by The Disney Company to bring their vision to life. Budgetary control is detailed, step-by-step documentation of a company’s accomplishments or deficiencies by contrasting data. The Disney Company has implemented many ways of using budgetary control before building or acquiring any new real estate. Management audit controls are equally important to The Disney Company particularly if expansion is in their future. The Disney Company uses both an internal and external audit system. Through management audits The Disney Company has a set checks and balances system to ensure all assets are properly maintain and nothing is compromised (The Walt Disney Company, 2008). Financial controls are just as vital as budgetary controls with a company such as Disney. The marketing strategies that Disney employs help to produce revenue for the company thereby stabilizing assets and liabilities. Financial controls also help to make it possible for Disney to build more parks and resorts in the future. These four control mechanisms enforced by The Disney Company helps provide the company with a format in sustaining the company in a profitable direction. Equally important, these four components of Disney’s control mechanisms are the key in keeping the organization focused, and diverting away from any unethical misconduct from their employees.

Roles and Responsibilities: Health and Social Care Provider

Roles and Responsibilities: Health and Social Care Provider Introduction In this assignment, I am going to explain how one health or social care provider has contributed in national provision and describe three roles within the NHS and explain their responsibilities and possible career pathways. West Cumberland Hospital is one of two acute hospitals in Cumbria, serving around 140,000 residents of West Cumbria. The hospital is located on the outskirts of Whitehaven, in Hensingham, and also provides Diagnosis/screening, care for long-term conditions, Rehabilitation for illness/injury, 24 hour Accident and Emergency, CHOC, a consultant-led maternity unit, special care baby unit, an outpatients service and a range of specialist clinical services. In 2015, a  £90 million new building was added to West Cumberland Hospital, the building contains advanced surgical theatres and the new buildings interior and services are all modernised. The new modern build makes the hospital look more pleasing and attractive. However, issues and complaints have occurred regarding centralising consultant-led maternity services in Carlisle and women in labour may have to travel to Cumberland Infirmary, this is due to a shortage of childrens doctors, states the North Cumbria University Hospitals NHS Trust, and some kind of change is essential. The Hospital offers free National Health Service Treatment. Local GPs refer patients to outpatient clinics for specialist treatment and advice. Care Quality Commission (CQC) are independent regulators who make sure health and social care services provide people with safe, effective, compassionate, high-quality care and encourage them to improve. Their inspection in 2015 on Whitehaven hospital concluded that the hospital required improvement and so was placed in special measures (CQC 2016). West Cumberland Hospital is manged by North Cumbria University Hospital Trust which is an acute hospital trust committed to providing a high standard of care to a population of around 320,000 from Carlisle, Allerdale, Eden, Copeland and parts of the Dumfries and Galloway and Northumberland. Services, such as paediatrics and AE, are provided from West Cumberland Hospital in Whitehaven and the Cumberland Infirmary in Carlisle. The trust also supports a wide range of diagnostic and clinical services which are located in nine community hospitals across North Cumbria. The trust became a university Hospital in September 2008. Within the NHS, there are large variety of positions which all require different specialist skills and training. Each job in health and social care settings is important in contributing to providing the best quality care for service users. Roles, responsibilities and career pathways of a Doctor. Medical doctors examine, diagnose and treat patients who have been referred to the hospital by GPs or other healthcare professionals. Doctors apply their specialist medical knowledge and skills to the contribution of prevention and management of disease. After five years of medical school, a junior doctor will do a minimum of four years further training to qualify as a general practitioner (GP), or a further eight years to qualify as a hospital consultant. Once a registrar, after one year they can become a GP, or a specialist consultant in five to six years. There are numerous responsibilities of a doctor. Doctors must undertake patients physical examinations and consultations, perform surgical operations, monitor and regulate medication of patients, plan and assess required treatments of service users, communicate daily with nurses, doctors, GPs and other healthcare professionals and they also maintain records of patients. These responsibilities require a doctor to have an ability to solve problems, work effectively under pressure and have leadership and management skills. Roles, responsibilities and career pathways of a Radiographer. The role of a Radiographer is to undertake clinical imagining diagnostic examinations using different kinds of radiation to treat injured or ill patients. They must ensure that every service user is fully aware of the procedure and remain as comfortable and relaxed as possible. You can study to become either diagnostic radiographer or therapeutic radiography at university. A diagnostic radiographer uses radiation to diagnose an injury or illness of a patient and a therapeutic radiographer uses different kinds of radiation to treat illnesses or injuries. It is important for a radiographer to have good communication skills and strong analytical skills. There are several responsibilities of a radiographer. They need to be able to assess patients and their clinical requirements to ensure they know which radiographic techniques to use. Radiographers also need to provide support and reassurance to patients, taking into account their psychological and physical needs. Taking responsibility for radiation safety is also important. A radiographer will also work alongside radiologists and surgeons by taking part in more complex radiological examinations. A diagnostic radiographer can become an advanced practitioner where they can undertake a high level of clinical responsibilities. Diagnostic radiographers also can go on to work at consultant level, where you will be able to contribute to strategic development of services. Role, responsibilities and career pathways of a paramedic. The role of a paramedic is to provide immediate response to emergency 999 and 111 calls. Paramedics are usually the first senior healthcare professionals on the scene and the level of care they provide can range from dealing with minor illnesses and injuries to life threatening conditions. There are many responsibilities of a paramedic. They must be capable of monitoring the patients condition and be able to use technical equipment, including ventilators and defibrillators to help stabilise and resuscitate patients, they must also perform surgical procedures if necessary, such as intubation (inserting a breathing tube). Paramedics will also communicate with other emergency services to ensure a suitable level of response is provided. EMTs and Paramedics are both well trained healthcare professionals. EMTs are trained to provide a basic level life support to patients such as CPR, spinal immobilization, basic airway management and bandages and splinting, an EMT is considered the entry level for emergency medical services. An EMT can become a paramedic by undertaking a foundation degree in Paramedic Science which will take around two or three years to complete. A paramedic can undertake extra training to become a specialist paramedic or take a further qualification depending on which qualifications they already hold, a specialist paramedic are advanced practitioners in dealing with emergency situations and they need to be able to understand situations quickly and stay calm in stressful situations. A specialist paramedic can take further training of three to five years to become an advanced paramedic and once an advanced practitioner, a further six years to become a consultant paramedic. Television Censorship Comparison: The US and UK Television Censorship Comparison: The US and UK Television Censorship Comparison Television Censorship: A Comparison between the United States and the United Kingdom Since television became official in the 1930s, there have always been geographical disparities regarding to what degree different countries view television content as objectionable based on moral, religious or political criteria. The process of preventing this inappropriate content from reaching audiences is known as censorship, but blocking all unacceptable material from television is seen as a violation of freedom of expression. However, although censorship is a heavily debated topic around the world, each country has its own regulations and policies that vary significantly. In this comparative analysis, I will examine the different views on censorship and inappropriate content in the United States and the United Kingdom. First I will discuss the current regulations and censorship issues in the United States, as well as programs and content that have been deemed inappropriate. Then, I will elucidate the censorship regulations in the United Kingdom, and discuss a recent television issue that sparked controversy over lackadaisical censorship policies. To finish, I will compare and contrast the two countries views on censorship, with an emphasis on why the United States and the United Kingdom have different perceptions about the degree of regulations necessary in their country. The United States In the United States, censorship and other broadcasting policy-related issues are handled by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). The FCC â€Å"is an independent United States government agency, directly responsible to Congress. The FCC was established by the Communications Act of 1934 and is charged with regulating interstate and international communications by radio, television, wire, satellite and cable. The FCC’s jurisdiction covers the 50 states, the District of Columbia, and U.S. possessions† (â€Å"About the FCC†). In the United States, obscene, indecent and profane broadcasts are taken very seriously, and based on the severity of their context, can be punishable by law. According to the FCC, enforcement actions by means of warnings, monetary fines or revoking channel licenses can be issued after a complaint is filed and a violation is confirmed. â€Å"It is a violation of federal law to air obscene programming at any time. It is also a violation of federal law to air indecent programming or profane language during certain hours,† which includes any content between 6am and 10pm (â€Å"Obscene, Indecent, and Profane Broadcasts†). However, many people and organizations feel that the First Amendment of the Constitution, defending freedom of speech and expression, is in direct violation by the FCC’s enforcement of censorship. On the opposing side of the FCC are groups united against censorship regulations, claiming that censorship is an infringement of the First Amendment protecting freedom of speech and expression. The National Coalition Against Censorship (NCAC) is a group of 50 non-profit organizations throughout the nation such as the American Ethical Union (AEU) and the National Communication Association (NCA) who â€Å"educate the public and policy makers about threats to free expression; mobilize them to take action to oppose censorship and assist in those efforts; facilitate communications between local activists and national organizations; and devise new educational, advocacy, and media strategies to create a more hospitable environment for free speech and artistic freedom† (â€Å"Mission Statement†). The NCAC believes that a healthy, functional democracy is defined by freedom of communication, and the inability to communicate â€Å"is fatal to moral, artistic and intellectual growth† (â€Å"Mission Statement†). All groups united against censorship believe that it represents an unreasonable amount of power and dictatorship over the minds and intellectual capacity of all people. However, the FCC has encountered many severe censorship issues in recent years concerning public broadcasts with inappropriate content. February 1, 2004 will forever be remembered not for an exciting Super Bowl game, but for Janet Jackson’s live â€Å"wardrobe malfunction† on CBS in front of millions of football fans. CBS owner Viacom was fined $550,000 for the half-time show broadcast, which the FCC declared was â€Å"in apparent violation of the broadcast indecency standard† (Lehrer). After the Janet Jackson incident occurred, the FCC began imposing greater fines for programs that show indecent, profane or obscene content (â€Å"Remote Control: Indecency Legislation Raises Fines and Fears†). In December of 2004, the FCC fined 111 television stations that broadcasted the CBS show â€Å"Without a Trace† for a record $3.6 million, which suggested that teenagers were involved in a sexual orgy. â€Å"CBS defended the ‘Without a Trace’ episode, saying the episode contained ‘an important and socially relevant storyline warning parents to exercise greater supervision of their teenage children’† (Bosman). Since then, many other television shows have been fined for indecency, which has led to the detriment of station programming because stations are worried about being charged. This string of massive fines given to inappropriate airings has led broadcasters to self-censor their programs using five-second delays; especially on entertainment, sport and sexually explicit television shows (â€Å"Remote Control: Indecency Legislation Raises Fines and Fears†). The United Kingdom In the United Kingdom, the Office of Communications (Ofcom) is in charge of regulating all of the private commercial channels, including iTV, Five and Channel 4. Ofcom was first established as the overseer of communications industries by the Office of Communications Act 2002, combining the responsibilities of the Broadcasting Standards Commission, the Independent Television Commission, the Radio Authority, and the Director General of Communications into one regulating group (â€Å"Statutory Duties and Regulatory Principles†). Ofcom’s responsibilities include: â€Å"Ensuring the optimal use of the electro-magnetic spectrum; ensuring that a wide range of electronic communications services including high speed data services is available throughout the UK; ensuring a wide range of TV and radio services of high quality and wide appeal; maintaining plurality in the provision of broadcasting; applying adequate protection for audiences against offensive or harmful material; and applying adequate protection for audiences against unfairness or the infringement of privacy† (â€Å"Statutory Duties and Regulatory Principles†). According to the Ofcom Broadcasting Code, multiple sections were established to set proper standards for television broadcasting. Two codes related to the censorship of inappropriate material are: to prevent harm to children under age 18, and to avert offensive or harmful material from being broadcasted. Section One Protecting the Under-Eighteens states: â€Å"Material that might seriously impair the physical, mental or moral development of people under eighteen must not be broadcast. Children must also be protected by appropriate scheduling from material that is unsuitable for them† (â€Å"The Ofcom Broadcasting Code†). Section Two Harm and Offence asserts: â€Å"In applying generally accepted standards broadcasters must ensure that material which may cause offence is justified by the context. Such material may include, but is not limited to, offensive language, violence, sex, sexual violence, humiliation, distress, violation of human dignity, discriminatory treatment or language (â€Å"The Ofcom Broadcasting Code†). Freedom of expression and responsibility are considered hand in hand by the Code, which is why each programmer must obey regulations that apply to each section. Although Ofcom controls the private channels in the United Kingdom, the government-owned stations such as the BBC have their own indecency regulations. The BBC has a more relaxed policy for indecency, which is know as the Watershed policy. â€Å"From 9pm the TV watershed helps parents protect children from unsuitable material. In all but exceptional circumstances, programmes before 9pm are suitable for general audiences including children. From 9pm they are progressively suitable only for adults† (â€Å"Decency and the TV watershed†). The BBC and other public broadcasting stations in the United Kingdom rely on parent support and program warnings to prevent children from exposure to indecent, profane or obscene content, not on censorship rules and expensive fines. In the United Kingdom, the lack of universal policies and regulations on censoring inappropriate content of all television channels shows the overall laissez-faire attitude toward television censorship. In general, the United Kingdom fines programs and stations for going over television program limits or blatantly lying on television, but does not often penalize stations for showing morally, politically or religiously indecent content. However, there is extremely limited information on television programs that have been in violation of the Ofcom Broadcasting Code or BBC regulations that have been fined for airing inappropriate material. In one case, an episode of Jerry Springer The Opera was brought to court by Christian evangelists trying to prosecute Mark Thompson, the BBC’s director general. According to Stephen Green, National Director of the Christian Voice, the show on BBC2 â€Å"featured scenes depicting Christ wearing a nappy and swearing had ‘clearly crossed the blasphemy threshold’ † (Petre). However, the show was not censored on BBC2 or prosecuted for blasphemous content after being brought to court. Mark Mullins, who represents Stephen Green and the Christian Voice, said â€Å"No prosecution for blasphemy can be brought against the BBC. That is tantamount to saying that blasphemy is of little, if any, relevance in today’s society† (Petre). Compared to the United Kingdom, whose regulations allow for greater rein of freedom of speech and expression, the United States has much harsher regulations about censorship and blocking harmful content from the airwaves. Comparison The United States and the United Kingdom both deal with complaints from television viewers on a daily basis; however, the viewers in the United Kingdom complain there is not enough censorship, while the viewers in the United States feel there is too much censorship. According to mediawatch-uk, an organization that campaigns for decency and accountability in the media, they believe that television has become toxic to viewers, and no longer represents reality or enforces censorship of inappropriate material. â€Å"Violence, sex and bad language is so common on TV†¦However, Parliament has approved laws which say that programmes must meet with ‘generally accepted standards’ and that the public should be protected from ‘offensive and harmful material’.   This law is being ignored and viewers’ rights are being overridden in the quest for ratings, audience share  and controversy† (â€Å"mediawatch-uk†). Many organizations like mediawatch-uk have been established to apply greater pressure on the regulating bodies like Ofcom and BBC, convinced they have not responded sufficiently to the public concern. On the opposing side, the United States has many organizations like the NCAC that argue regulations set on American television are too severe, and do not allow for the freedom to exercise the rights guaranteed in the First Amendment. According to Stephen Rohde, a lawyer who specializes in First Amendment concerns, â€Å"It is not in the ‘public interest’ for certain prudish groups to dictate what the American people can see on television, when the material is constitutionally protected and violates no laws.   Such groups remain free to exercise their constitutional rights to publicly condemn any programming they find offensive and to press the ‘OFF’ button on the remote† (â€Å"Censorship on Television: When Crying â€Å"Indecency† Goes Too Far†). Although television has become a highly advanced medium in recent years, there are extreme differences between the enforcement of censorship regulations in the United Kingdom and the United States. Censorship is a central issue in television, but it is nearly impossible for either country to agree on what constitutes inappropriate material, and how it should be dealt with to satisfy the majority of viewers. Conclusion Both the United Kingdom and the United States would benefit from finding a balanced medium by setting strict censorship laws, while still allowing for freedom of speech and expression. During certain hours of the day, especially after 9pm, parents and their children should be highly advised that there may be inappropriate content in the television material. Therefore, censorship should be enforced while children are more likely to watch television, and more relaxed when the audience becomes more mature at night. However, because the United Kingdom has different regulatory bodies governing the public and private television channels, they should agree on certain guidelines to avoid censorship issues, as well as complaints from unsatisfied viewers. The United States should relax their policies on censorship by not broadcasting harmful programs during the day, or on channels with consistent adolescent viewers. Since the biggest concern overriding the censorship problems is obscene, profane or indecent material affecting children, their moral and religious beliefs should be taken into account when establishing regulatory principles. Around the world, countries have different views on the amount of censorship necessary to protect their audiences from harmful television. The United Kingdom and the United States are just two examples of very dissimilar regulatory systems, based on how their country feels censorship is necessary. In the end, it is the balance of appropriateness and inappropriateness, freedom of expression and freedom of censorship, that must take into account all age groups, moral views and the impact of television on its viewers. Works Cited â€Å"About the FCC.† FCC. Federal Communications Commission. 10 Dec 2007 . Bosman, Julie. â€Å"TV Stations Fined Over CBS Show Deemed to Be Indecent.† Business. 16 Mar 2006. The New York Times. 11 Dec 2007 . â€Å"Censorship on Television: When Crying â€Å"Indecency† Goes Too Far.† News. 18 Feb 2005. PEN Center USA. 13 Dec 2007 . â€Å"Decency and the TV watershed.† Reports, policies and guidelines. British Broadcasting Company. 12 Dec 2007 . Lehrer, Jim. â€Å"Television Indecency.† Online News Hour. 23 Sept 2004. Public Broadcasting Service. 11 Dec 2007 . â€Å"mediawatch-uk.† About Us. 2007. mediawatch-uk. 13 Dec 2007 . â€Å"Mission Statement.† About NCAC. National Coalition Against Censorship. 10 Dec 2007 . â€Å"Obscene, Indecent, and Profane Broadcasts.† Consumer Governmental Affairs Bureau. 24 Sept 2007. Federal Communications Commission. 10 Dec 2007 . â€Å"OfCom.† TV. Office of Communications. 10 Dec 2007 . Petre, Jonathan. â€Å"Jerry Springer ruling ‘weakens blasphemy law’.† News. 07 Dec 2007. telegraph.co.uk. 13 Dec 2007 . â€Å"Remote Control: Indecency Legislation Raises Fines and Fears.† National Coalition Against Censorship. 11 Dec 2007 . â€Å"Statutory Duties and Regulatory Principles.† About OfCom. Office of Communications. 12 Dec 2007 . â€Å"The Ofcom Broadcasting Code.† Ofcom Broadcasting Code. 25 July 2005. Office of Communications. 12 Dec 2007 .

Multiprocessing Essay -- essays research papers

Multiprocessing   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Multiprocessing refers to a computer system’s ability to support more than one process or program at the same time. Multiprocessing operating systems enable several programs to run concurrently. UNIX is one of the most widely used multiprocessing systems, but there are many others, including OS/2 for high-end personal computers and Windows NT for work groups. Multiprocessing systems are much more complicated than single-process systems because the operating system must allocate resources to competing processes in the most efficient manner. (IBM Dictionary of Computing, Tenth Edition, McGraw-Hill, (1994)). Types of Multiprocessing Symmetric multiprocessing refers to the processing of programs by multiple processors that share a common operating system, memory and data path. A single copy of the operating system controls all processors. Symmetric multiprocessing units of this type are also referred to as â€Å"shared everything† systems. These systems usually do not exceed 16 processors. (Image courtesy of Sequent Manufacturing) The most common uses of these types of systems are commercial servers of web applications such used in on line commerce. The advantages of this particular configuration are that they can be easily upgraded by the addition of more processors. These processors are available to execute any of the given processes as soon as the operating system recognizes and configures the new hardware. However, the limitations of such a configuration are that with shared memory, there is a strong emphasis on data manipulation. As each processor competes for a limited amount of shared memory, this limits the speed and up-gradability of such a system. Manufacturers must rely on the development of faster, higher capacity memory to overcome this disadvantage. Currently symmetric multiprocessing computers can address up to 14 gigabytes of physical memory and approximately 2 terabytes of storage. (Sequent Manufacturing Inc., white papers 1998) Parallel Processing Parallel processing is a form of information processing that emphasizes the concurrent manipulation of data elements belonging to one or more process solving a single problem. It is also referred to as a â€Å"shared nothing† system. These systems are composed of many loosely connected nodes or P/M ... ...to produce a result from a device. C.The number of results a device produces over a unit of time. D.The time it takes a device to retrieve the next instruction. E.None of the above 6.Which of the following operating systems does not support multiprocessing? A.Microsoft Windows NT B.UNIX C.OS/2 D.LINUX E.All of the above support multiprocessing. 7.Which of the following applications would benefit most by multiprocessing? A.A large Word document. B.A large Excel spreadsheet. C.A video game D.A large Multi-user Database. E.None of the above. 8.LINUX is an off shoot of which multiprocessing operating system? A.UNIX B.Windows 98 C.OS/2 D.Windows NT E.MS DOS 9.Which Pittsburgh University is currently developing new multiprocessing operating systems? A.University of Pittsburgh. B.Carnegie-Mellon University C.Robert Morris College D.Point Park College E.None of the above 10.Linus Torvalds is: A.The inventor of UNIX operating system B.The chairman of the board of Microsoft Corp. C.The inventor of LINUX operating system D.The guy that cuts Packy’s grass. 1. (C) 2. (A) 3.(A) 4.(A) 5.(C) 6.(E) 7.(D) 8.(A) 9.(B) 10.(C)

Mobile Phone Addiction

Those who remain fear the loss of mobile phones, or the presence of outside the coverage of the network, and thus the inability to communicate or receive communications .. It is a concern to hit the world and destroyed the ability of people to develop solutions to what the phone is forced suffering .. ..With a little thought, there are people who feel and enjoy the latest devices and smart phones .. To enjoy the modern programs in addition to the many features provided by these devices .. It is normal when a person uses his mobile phone to make calls or talk to friends and relatives from time to time .. Or Download game compete with friends .. But what if the transformation of the use of smart phone to addiction? .. See what the problems that can be caused by this addiction to the owner? .. So warned surveys and studies on the smartphone from the increasing signs of addiction, and concluded studies to That people stare at the phones screens For approximately 3 hours a day or more, in addition to the time spent in making calls. .. It was noted that psychiatrists, are those who initiated to consider the fight against the problem – phenomenon, in order to recognize that addiction to smart phones, psychological disorder. Experts warn that the use of new technologies at an early age may compound the risk of addiction, isolation and school failure. Where the smartphone is no longer a means to communicate with others only, but the smartphone is used to finish and follow the work of private and is used in the study and entertainment of the self through the games or watching movies and hear songs and networking sites such as Facebook, Twitter and other programs, â€Å"People are checking their mobile phones at 34 times a day, and there are five, 81 and eighty-one percent of people who keep their phones near them, and 63 percent are checking their phones even while they sleep. People who are afraid of losing a mobile phone or being out of network coverage and therefore unable to communicate or receive communication suffer from the disease of sleepophobia. Monophobia can be monitored through a range of behaviors, for example, that a person checks his or her mobile phone more than 30 times a day , Or simply feel that it is impossible for him to give up his phone and live without him. Experts have found that smart phone addicts have become so many around the world that if they are removed from their phones they feel nervous and angry and can do things beyond their control. The use of the smartphone also leads to poor cognitive skills, especially among students. Surveys showed that the degree of addiction to the smartphone is increasing among young people, where one in every five young people check his phone once every few minutes, and drew attention to all this. For phones comes at the expense of neglecting the world around us, causing increased anxiety, tension and distraction. Stressing that each user to evaluate the fact that attached to his smartphone, and begin to get rid of this attachment step by step. Radio France International highlighted in a report published on its website the phenomenon of â€Å"addiction† of the inhabitants of the earth to the use of mobile phone. A study by the High Tech Web site showed that around 1.5 billion people around the world have mobile phones, while the study revealed that if this upward development revolutionized communications worldwide, it certainly had a significant impact on behaviors Individuals in the community. The study found that the use of intelligent mobile phones with the Internet causes â€Å"addiction† to this technology, and this situation is widespread and widely, among the 8.6 billion people of the earth, 1.5 billion people have mobile phones. But far from the figures and comparisons, the widespread use of mobile phones, especially smart phones, has led to a radical change in societal behavior. According to the study, 60% of mobile phone users sleep with their hands in their hands, and 15% of them may stop their entertainment and chat conversations just to answer the mobile phone. Many researchers have pointed out that there is a threat to the Earth's population from these mobile phones, that is, the addiction to this technology is already the same as when playing a game of video games continuously can be considered a form of addiction. Is addiction to smart phones a disease In Singapore, as in many other countries, doctors are struggling to recognize smart phone addiction as a form of psychological disorder. If you are difficult to break away from your smartphone or from people who seek it for no particular reason, you may be threatened with an addiction that may require the help of a psychiatrist. Singapore and Hong Kong broke regional records on the number of smart phone users, according to the latest report by the Nelson Office of Studies. According to Experience, 87 percent of Singapore's 5.4 million people have multi-function phones, compared to 65 percent in the United States.